habercindy Angioplasty & Stenting

Angioplasty & Stenting

  •  The angioplasty and stenting procedure is designed to re-open the inside of a blocked
    coronary artery and improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • During angioplasty, a tiny balloon is inflated and deflated to crack and compress plaque
    buildup inside a diseased artery.
  •  Once an angioplasty has widened the artery, a tiny mesh-metal tube called a stent can be
    placed inside the artery to prevent the artery from collapsing or being closed off by plaque
    again.
  • Angioplasty is indicated for people who have one or more of the following:
    o Significant blockage in one or two coronary arteries
    o Angina pectoris
    o A risk of having a heart attack
    In less advanced cases, medication is the first line of treatment; when atherosclerosis is
    advanced or does not respond to medication, angioplasty and stenting are
    recommended.
habercindy Antihypertensive Therapy

Antiarrhythmic Therapy

  • An arrhythmia is a change in the heart’s normal rate or rhythm.
  •  When an arrhythmia occurs repeatedly over time or causes symptoms such as
    palpitations, lightheadedness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, or chest pain, it
    requires treatment.
  • Antiarrhythmic drug treatment is designed to suppress arrhythmias by treating the
    underlying cause of arrhythmia, to prevent conditions that contribute to arrhythmias, and
    to manage arrhythmia symptoms.
  •  Common medications used to treat arrhythmias include a category of drugs referred to
    as antiarrhythmic agents, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digitalis.
habercindy Anti-anginal Therapy

Anti-anginal Therapy

  • Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort. It results from coronary heart disease, an
    accumulation of plaque inside the coronary blood vessels that reduces blood flow to the
    heart.
  • The pain or tightness associated with angina results from ischemia, the lack of oxygencarrying blood reaching the heart.
  •  The goals of angina medication and treatment are to relieve ischemia, thereby
    reducing the frequency and severity of angina attacks and preventing a heart attack.
  •  Medications that control angina symptoms and ischemia include nitrates, beta-blockers,
    and calcium channel blockers. To treat the underlying coronary heart disease, Dr. Adem
    uses antiplatelets, lipid-lowering agents, and drugs to control high blood pressure and
    diabetes.
habercindy Antithrombotic Therapy

Antihypertensive Therapy

  •  Hypertension is high blood pressure that persists over time.
  •  In certain cases of hypertension, lifestyle modifications such as diet changes and exercise
    can be an effective first line of treatment.
  • Physicians often prescribe antihypertensive medication to prevent hypertension from
    progressing to more severe hypertension, and in the process help protect against stroke
    and coronary events such as heart attack or angina, congestive heart failure, and kidney
    disease.
habercindy Antiarrhythmic Therapy

Antithrombotic Therapy

  • The term thrombosis indicates the formation of a thrombus, a type of blood clot.
  • Thrombi can form on the wall of a blood vessel or in one of the chambers of the heart.
    When a thrombus obstructs blood flow to the heart or head, it can result in a heart attack
    or stroke.
  •  Antithrombotic drugs include anticoagulants, which prevent blood from clotting, and
    antiplatelets, which prevent tiny discs that circulate in the blood (platelets), from sticking
    to blood vessel walls and to one another.
  • The goals of antithrombotic therapy are to block the formation of new clots, prevent the
    growth of existing clots, and reduce a person’s risk of complications from blood clots.
habercindy Atherectomy

Atherectomy

  •  An atherectomy is a procedure that mechanically removes plaque and other debris that
    can block arteries throughout the body. Dr. Adem clears a clogged artery by cutting,
    shaving, or vaporizing the plaque that is blocking a blood vessel. The device used to
    perform an atherectomy is attached to a thin tube called a catheter.
  •  Atherectomies can be used to widen arteries that have closed following a balloon
    angioplasty or treatment with stents.
  •  Atherectomy treats diseased coronary arteries. It is less commonly used in arteries
    outside the heart.
  •  Factors Dr. Adem considers when deciding whether to perform atherectomy include:
    o The location or shape of plaque deposit
    o The size or anatomy of the patient’s arteries
    o Whether the plaque is exceptionally hard, or calcified
    o Whether clots are present in the artery
habercindy Cardiac Defibrillator Implantation

Cardiac Defibrillator Implantation

  • The implantable cardiac defibrillator is an electronic device placed in the body to help
    people who have life-threatening arrhythmias (heartbeat irregularities). It is a device that
    sends an electric shock through the heart muscle to restore a normal heartbeat.
  •  An implantable cardioverter defibrillator, or ICD, is a small device that is implanted under
    the skin in the upper chest and connected to the heart with wires called leads.
  •  Many who have survived a cardiac arrest and certain people with a high risk of developing
    arrhythmias called ventricular fibrillation or life-threatening ventricular tachycardia are
    generally considered candidates for ICD.
  •  The implantable defibrillator can
    o Keep track of heart rhythms
    o Send out electrical pulses and shocks when needed
    o Record heart rhythm
    o Record the pulses and shocks the defibrillation device sends out
habercindy Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

  •  During cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac death, the heart stops beating and a
    person is unable to breathe.
  •  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is an emergency technique applied to supply
    oxygen to the brain and other vital organs of a person whose heart has stopped pumping
    on its own.
  •  CPR involves repeated manual chest compressions alternated with breathing into a
    person’s mouth. This mimics the heart’s natural pumping and keeps oxygenated blood
    circulating to the brain and other vital organs.
  •  CPR incorporates two primary therapies:
    o Basic life support, often referred to as emergency CPR, which includes breathing and
    chest compressions; and
    o Advanced cardiac life support, which includes electric shock defibrillation, drugs,
    artificial respiration and other medical interventions.
habercindy Comprehensive Atrial Fibrillation Therapy

Comprehensive Atrial Fibrillation Therapy

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia, a disturbance in the heart’s rate or rhythm.
  • In atrial fibrillation, the electrical signal that normally causes the atria (the heart’s upper
    chambers) to contract in an organized fashion circles through the muscles of the atria in
    an uncoordinated manner. This causes the atria to quiver, sometimes more than 400
    times per minute, without contracting. At the same time, this might drive the rate of the
    ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart), resulting in an irregular fast heart rate.
  •  Left untreated, AF can lead to cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart), heart failure, or stroke.
  •  Treatment of AF aims to eliminate the factors that could be causing the AF, control the
    heart rate, maintain heart rhythm, and prevent strokes. Treatment for atrial fibrillation
    includes medication (pharmacologic) and non-pharmacologic methods such as
    interventional procedures or surgery.
habercindy Congestive Heart Failure Therapy

Congestive Heart Failure Therapy

  • Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the buildup of blood in the lungs because of inadequate
    pumping action of the heart.
  • CHF has many causes, and CHF therapy focuses on eliminating the cause, reducing
    symptoms, and preventing a further progressive decrease in the heart’s pumping
    function.
  •  Heart failure therapy requires lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, quitting smoking,
    limiting alcohol consumption, and reducing salt and fluid in the diet.
  •  Depending on the cause of heart failure, the treatment may be surgical or medical. Both
    strategies aim to relieve symptoms and to increase the heart’s ability to pump.
  •  Medications that treat CHF rid the body of excess fluid, reduce the blood vessels’
    resistance to ejection of blood, and combat the production of hormones that increase the
    heart’s workload.
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